non-CDB

AutoUpgrade migration to Oracle 23ai Exascale with Refreshable Clones

Posted on June 30, 2025 by Mike.Dietrich AutoUpgrade 0

Those of you who have been to our workshops in the past 3 years know that we promote one feature as the ultimate killer feature for moving to Oracle Database 19c and 23ai: Refreshable Clones. These work not only from PDB to PDB, but magically also with a non-CDB. And our teams works with a good number of customers using exactly this technique to Oracle 23ai. Now, we talked about it. And we blogged about it (see below). But there is a brand-new MOS note out there showcasing an AutoUpgrade migration to Oracle 23ai Exascale with Refreshable Clones.

AutoUpgrade migration to Oracle 23ai Exascale with Refreshable Clones

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Refreshable clone with AutoUpgrade but keep your RAC configuration?

I had to shorten the headline a bit. It got very bulky saying at first: Use a Refreshable Clone with AutoUpgrade from non-CDB to PDB but keep your RAC configuration alive. Well, you see, that’s bulky. But it describes the case I would like to briefly show you. Helmut Pfau, a colleague of mine here in Germany asked this the other day, and it took us a bit to get the correct answer to him – I confess, simply because I didn’t know the right AutoUpgrade parameter.

Refreshable clone with AutoUpgrade but keep your RAC configuration?

Photo by Adrian Infernus on Unsplash

We love Refreshable Clones

You’ve …

Queries on dictionary tables are slow in Oracle Multitenant?

Posted on February 10, 2025 by Mike.Dietrich Flaws and Pitfalls Single-/Multitenant 12

I love to learn something new every day. And on Friday afternoon last week I learned something new again. It started (as often) with a very simple question from a colleague working from the Oracle Malaga office in Spain. The customer has an issues with some queries being slower than before once they moved from on-prem to the cloud into a PDB. But are queries on dictionary tables are slow in Oracle Multitenant generally?

Queries on dictionary tables are slow in Oracle Multitenant?

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What was the case?

The customer ran some queries against dictionary views in the PDB in Oracle Database …

Can I convert a non-CDB into a CDB?

Posted on November 28, 2024 by Mike.Dietrich AutoUpgrade Single-/Multitenant 0

Those of you who work with the Multitenant or CDB architecture for a longer time may find this blog post title strange. But as I learned the other week at the German Oracle User Group conference (DOAG 2024), others still have this question: Can I convert a non-CDB into a CDB?

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Can you convert?

Short answer: No.

End-of-blog-post.
Well, of course, not.
Let me explain this a bit more.

When you have a non-CDB database today, you can’t convert it into a CDB (Container Database). This path isn’t possible but there is another path. …

Virtual Classroom Seminar #14: AutoUpgrade 2.0 on May 5, 2022

Posted on May 3, 2022 by Mike.Dietrich Workshop 4

If you finally want to see all the cool new features of AutoUpgrade 2.0 (the 2.0 is just a marker we use to say: We improved it significantly!), the please sign up to Virtual Classroom Seminar #14: AutoUpgrade 2.0 on May 5, 2022.

Virtual Classroom Seminar #14: AutoUpgrade 2.0 on May 5, 2022

Photo by Alex Knight on Unsplash

What are we going to talk about?

The development team invested a lot of resources to implement some of the most wanted features in AutoUpgrade. Spoiler: One feature is still missing but will be released very soon. In this Thursday’s Virtual Classroom Seminar we will talk about:

PDB and non-CDB

Upgrading a non-CDB to Oracle Database 21c with AutoUpgrade

Posted on August 24, 2021 by Mike.Dietrich AutoUpgrade Oracle Database 21c Upgrade / Migration 27

Yesterday I wrote about the installation of Oracle Database 21c on Linux. But today it is time for Upgrading to Oracle Database 21c with AutoUpgrade.

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AutoUpgrade

You may have heard it already from us and other colleagues, but we can’t repeat it often enough: There is only one recommended tool to upgrade your databases – and this is AutoUpgrade.

In my 21c home, I’m checking the deployed version of AutoUpgrade at first:

[CDB3] oracle@hol:/u01/app/oracle/product/21/rdbms/admin
$ java -jar autoupgrade.jar -version
build.hash 57ab246
build.version 21.1.3
build.date 2021/04/21 13:32:13
build.max_target_version 21
build.supported_target_versions 12.2,18,19,21
build.type production

Now please …

AutoUpgrade with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)

Posted on July 30, 2020 by Mike.Dietrich AutoUpgrade TDE - Transparent Database Encryption 34

I knew, one fine day I will have to dig into TDE. Resistance is futile. There were so many questions regarding AutoUpgrade with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) in the past weeks and months. And the team is still working hard on a solution to make the non-CDB to PDB plugin flawless and automated for such cases. But I won’t cover the latter in this post here. I will solely focus on the database upgrade itself.

AutoUpgrade with Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)

Photo by Jason Dent on Unsplash

This blog post may not be up to date anymore since we introduced lots of automation to it …

AutoUpgrade and Plug In to a CDB – with a single command (and video)

Posted on May 20, 2020 by Mike.Dietrich AutoUpgrade Single-/Multitenant 71

I have to confess, this feature is out and available for quite a while. But only unofficially. AutoUpgrade can upgrade and plug in a non-CDB into a CDB. But it lacked flexibility. And we didn’t test it a lot. Hence, you could find it documented in our Hands-On Lab instructions. And we did this exercise with you already in our sold-out labs at OOW 2019 as well. But since a week and a bit, it is officially supported: AutoUpgrade and Plug In to a CDB – with a single command (and video).

AutoUpgrade and Plug In to a CDB - with a single command (and video)

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Create

3 Live Seminars: Multitenant Seminar 3 Questions answered

Posted on May 3, 2020 by Mike.Dietrich Workshop 0

This is the third and final QA blog post for the Seminars we did in the last week of April 2020. Thank you for your attendance. I will publish the replay recordings as soon as they are available and link them as well. For now, please find here 3 Live Seminars: Multitenant Seminar 3 Questions answered.

3 Live Seminars: Multitenant Seminar 3 Questions answered

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Your Questions, our Answers for Seminar 3: Multitenant

103	We are in the process of migrating to Oracle Cloud using the xtts method for cross platform migration and we seem to be encountering an issue with it

3 Live Seminars: Database Upgrade and more – April 28, 29 and 30, 2020

Posted on April 24, 2020 by Mike.Dietrich Workshop 13

Well, everybody does Web Seminars now, right? Just in case you sit at home next week on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, you’ve just had your lunch. And you don’t know what do to in the afternoon, sign up and click in to our 3 Live Seminars: Database Upgrade and more – April 28, 29 and 30, 2020. Every day at the same time, 14:30h CET (or 13:30 GMT or 18:00 IST).

3 Live Webinars: Database Upgrade and more – April 28, 29 and 30, 2020

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Another Web Seminar?

It’s free – FIND THE REGISTATION LINKS BELOW – of course. My colleague Laura Garcia and I will talk …

The new Oracle 19c Hands-On Lab is available now for download

Posted on February 6, 2020 by Mike.Dietrich Hands-On Lab 0

Wow, this took a long while. Thanks to my team mate, Data Pump Product Manager Bill Beauregard who went through the complex approval process, the new Oracle 19c Hands-On Lab is available now for download. And in addition, I adjusted the instructions on the blog as well.

The new Oracle 19c Hands-On Lab is available now for download

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What you’ll get …

At first, the download is huge. All together, you will download 13 files summing up to 25GB. When you unzip it, you will get an OVA file. Then you will need to import this appliance into Oracle VirtualBox. The lab will …

3 PDBs included with Oracle 19c and desupport of non-CDBs with 21c

Posted on September 17, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Single-/Multitenant 47

It’s Oracle Open World week in San Francisco. and it is time for announcements of course.

3 PDBs included with Oracle 19c and desupport of non-CDBs with 20c

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What has been announced?

Today at OOW 2019, Jenny Tsai-Smith and Dominic Giles announced in their talk that the non-CDB architecture will be desupported from Oracle 21c on. But VERY IMPORTANT, from Oracle 19c on you can have 3 user-created pluggable databases of any type without a Multitenant license. As soon as you have need for 4 or more PDBs within one container database, you will need a Multitenant license.

License Guide

You can find the update …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Migration with Data Pump

Posted on August 14, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Data Pump Single-/Multitenant 16

You may have realized that there are a few techniques missing describing how to do a Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Migration with Data Pump is one of them. I will explain the most simple approach of going to Single- or Multitenant. It isn’t the coolest – and it isn’t very fast as soon as your database has a significant size. But it is not complex. And it allows you to move even from very old versions directly into an Oracle 19c PDB – regardless of patch levels or source and destination platform.

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Migration with Data Pump

High Level Overview

Endianness change

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Minimal Downtime Challenge

Posted on August 13, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Minimal Downtime Single-/Multitenant 6

There are several pitfalls when you plugin a non-CDB into a CDB environment. I’d like to highlight some of them – and show you potential workarounds as well. This is part of a series of blog posts to make your migration from non-CDB to PDB a bit smoother.

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Minimal Downtime Challenge

When we start to look at a migration from non-CDB to PDB for an important system, regardless of migrating on-prem or to the cloud, reducing the downtime is very important. In this blog post I’d like to highlight the different aspects …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Fallback Challenge

Posted on August 5, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Fallback Single-/Multitenant 2

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Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Fallback Challenge

As I work with customers on upgrades and migrations for a very long time, I know how important a proper fallback is.

When you attempt a migration from a non-CDB to PDB, you need to plan …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Various Pitfalls

Posted on August 2, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Flaws and Pitfalls Single-/Multitenant 22

Photo by timJ on Unsplash

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Various Pitfalls

In all the previous blog posts of this series I tried to explain specific pitfalls, and how you can workaround them. This article is meant to collect the “leftovers”, the minor issues and pitfalls which you may not …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Patch Level Pitfall

Posted on August 1, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Flaws and Pitfalls Single-/Multitenant 0

Photo by Piron Guillaume on Unsplash

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Patch Level Pitfall

When you consolidate on a larger scale, it is very likely that you have different patch levels in your database environments. But when you attempt to plugin a non-CDB into a CDB, you may see …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Component Pitfall

Posted on July 31, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Flaws and Pitfalls Single-/Multitenant 7

Photo by Brett Jordan on Unsplash

The Component Pitfall

With component we mean the database component which you can find in DBA_REGISTRY – or CDB_REGISTRY. When Multitenant became available over 5 years ago, a decision had been made to make all options/components mandatory in a container database. This decision had to …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Time Zone Pitfall

Posted on July 30, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Flaws and Pitfalls Single-/Multitenant 0

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Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Time Zone Pitfall

Interestingly, there is no issue with different time zone settings within a single CDB. Your CDB$ROOT can be on DST V.32 whereas a PDB you plugin can be already on DST V.33. But only …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The COMPATIBLE pitfall

Posted on July 29, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Flaws and Pitfalls Single-/Multitenant 0

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB - The COMPATIBLE pitfall

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The COMPATIBLE pitfall

When you migrate your non-CDB to PDB, in most cases the COMPATIBLE setting of the non-CDB will be lower than the setting of the receiving CDB. But still in this case you may see warnings. I will explain how to deal with …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Typical Plugin Issues and Workarounds

Posted on July 29, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Flaws and Pitfalls Single-/Multitenant 2

In the previous blog posts I showed different approaches on how to migrate your database on a same Endianness platform into Multitenant. Whether you prefer to upgrade first or plugin first is up to you. I recommend upgrading first as this allows you a seamless fallback. But regardless of which approach you prefer, you may take care on potential pitfalls. Hence, this blog post is about Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Typical Plugin Issues and Workarounds. It may not be complete when I publish it and I may extend it later on. Let me know if you have …

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Clone via NON$CDB, upgrade, convert

Posted on July 25, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Single-/Multitenant 21

The third option for plugging in a non-CDB is called Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Clone via NON$CDB, upgrade, convert. As I showed already in this blog post a while ago, your source must be at least an Oracle 12.1 database. And this technique can be used also only for same-Endianness migrations but does not apply if you’d like to migrate from Big to Little Endian. If your source database matches already the receiving CDB, no upgrade is necessary.

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High Level Overview

Endianness change possible:	No
Source database versions:	Oracle 12.1.0.2

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Plug in, upgrade, convert

Posted on July 24, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Single-/Multitenant 2

This is my next blog post about Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Plug in, upgrade, convert. But what is different from the previous one? And why is it necessary? Since Oracle Database 12.2.0.1 you can plugin a non-CDB at first, the upgrade and convert it. And I’ll show you this technique here.

Photo by Dan Freeman on Unsplash

High Level Overview

Endianness change possible:	No
Source database versions:	Oracle 12.2.0.1 or newer (or 12.1.0.2 when CDB has shared UNDO or with a patch adding the UNDO commands to DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE in 12.1.0.2)
Characteristic:	Plugin into CDB first
Upgrade

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Upgrade, plug in, convert

Posted on July 23, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Single-/Multitenant 8

As first blog post of this series about Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Upgrade, plug in, convert I will explain the most straight forward approach of going to Single- or Multitenant. But you have other options as well. which I’ll showcase in the other blog posts. I demonstrated this technique on the blog already a while ago. But since Oracle 12.2.0.1, there are a few other options available.

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB - Upgrade, plug in, convert

High Level Overview

Endianness change possible:	No
Source database versions:	Oracle 11.2.0.4 or newer
Characteristic:	Upgrade non-CDB first
Upgrade necessary:	Yes, before plugin
Downtime:	Upgrade, plugin, copy (optional) and

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Overview

Posted on July 22, 2019 by Mike.Dietrich Single-/Multitenant 7

Today I’ll start a blog post series of several “how to” articles about database migration from non-CDB to PDB – Overiew. You’ll find a quick introduction below. And of course, the links to all the other related blog posts.

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Overview

When you plan to move from non-CDB, the Oracle term for regular database deployments, to a Pluggable Database (PDB), you will migrate your database. It will become a PDB and run as part of a Container Database (CDB). This is a well known concept for several years now called Oracle Multitenant. If you …

non-CDB

We love Refreshable Clones

What was the case?

Can you convert?

What are we going to talk about?

AutoUpgrade

Create

Your Questions, our Answers for Seminar 3: Multitenant

Another Web Seminar?

What you’ll get …

What has been announced?

License Guide

High Level Overview

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Minimal Downtime Challenge

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Fallback Challenge

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Various Pitfalls

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Patch Level Pitfall

The Component Pitfall

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The Time Zone Pitfall

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – The COMPATIBLE pitfall

High Level Overview

High Level Overview

High Level Overview

Database Migration from non-CDB to PDB – Overview

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